How does a mobile charger work?
The most important thing in our lives is our mobile
phones. In today’s mobile age life begins with a mobile and ends with mobile.
Have u ever wondered how does the charging takes place in mobile?
How does a mobile charger work?
The basic building blocks of the mobile charger is
regulated supply
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| Block diagram of mobile charger-Plus5volts |
The main theme behind mobile charger are transforming,
rectifying, filtering, maintaining constant voltage
Transformer
Basically transformer is an electrical device that
transfers energy from one coil to the other using electromagnetic induction.
Electromagnetic induction means the electricity is coupled from one coil to the
other coil with the help of magnetic field, for example, if we apply current to
one coil that generates a varying magnetic field and this magnetic field cuts
into to the other coil, thereby by generating current or voltage and the
magnitude of voltage or current can be varied by the number of turns in the
coil.
The transformer used in mobile charger is a step down
transformer. The step down transformer has many turns in the primary coil and
has less turns in the secondary coil. The main function of step down the
voltage (i.e. From higher voltage to lower voltage) of the main supply to the
extent that can be used by mobiles.
Rectifier
The output of the transformer is fed to the rectifier
circuit for further processing. The rectifier is an Electrical device that
converts the alternating current (in both positive and negative directions) to
direct current (only one direction).
The rectifier used in the mobile chargers are diodes. Applications
of diode include switch, rectifier (AC to DC converter), clipper and campers.
Bridge rectifiers are formed by using four
diodes, the bridge rectifiers contain two diode pairs, only one diode pair is
ON at a time. One of the two diode pairs is connected in a manner to ON when
the supply is positive and the other diode pair is on when the supply is
negative. in this way the rectification is done.
Filtering
The output of the diodes are not fully DC components it
contains some as components called as ripples. So the filtering is necessary to
overcome this problem. The filtering is done by using various filters some of the
filters are CLC and L-C filters. Capacitive filters are employed mobile
chargers.
Regulation
The filtered output from the capacitors is not constant,
so we use a regulator circuit to get constant voltage output. The regulator
circuit is responsible for maintaining the output voltage constant.
The components used in regulators are Zener diodes and
IC regulators. The Zener diodes are usually employed in the mobile chargers because
it occupies less space.
Now we get the output of the regulator is a constant DC
voltage.
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